Excessive restrictions designed to control female sexuality are used to label women’s sexual expressions as transgressions, to justify victim-blaming, and to mask the high prevalence and incidence of sexual violence. Violations include being forced to watch and imitate pornography; denying the right to choose or express a different sexual orientation; forced marriage; marital rape; ‘corrective’ rape of lesbians; body modification and humiliation; cyber-stalking; mass rape in conflict zones; and more. In private and public spheres, sexual violence is carried out with reckless impunity, with appallingly low conviction rates (e.g., 10% in the U.S.) for rapists. Women and girls are overwhelmingly targeted for sexual violence; but boys, men, and LGBTQ individuals are also victimized.
Sexual Violence Against Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Women (2011)
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