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Forty million foreign-born people lived in the United States in 2010, according to the American Community Survey (ACS). The majority (83 percent) of the foreign-born reported entering the United States prior to 2005. Using 2010 ACS data on the period of entry of the foreign-born population, this report focuses on the “newly arrived” foreign-born, defined here as those who came to live in the United States in 2005 or later. Seven million U.S. residents, or 17 percent of the foreign-born population, are classified as newly arrived in this report.