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Author: U.S. Department of Justice: Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics

Year:  Published September 2021

Method: Analysis of data using the National Crime Victimization Survey and Uniform Crime Reporting Hate Crime Statistics Program between 2005-2019

  • National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS): The NCVS is a self reported survey administered annually by the U.S. Census Bureau on behalf of the Bureau of Justice Statistics. The NCVS is administered to persons age 12 or older from a nationally representative sample of U.S. households and collects information on personal and property crimes. It collects data both on crimes reported and not reported to police. 
  • Uniform Crime Reporting Hate Crime Statistics Program (UCR HCSP): The HCSP includes crimes reported to police that, after investigation, reveal sufficient evidence to support being recorded as hate crimes. These include crimes against individual victims, as well as hate crimes committed against businesses, religious institutions, other organizations, and society as a whole. Through the HCSP, the UCR collects hate crime data on crimes that were motivated by an offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity.

Population: All race categories; national

Summary of findings: On average, U.S. residents experienced approximately 246,900 hate crime victimizations each year between 2005 and 2019. Overall, hate crime victimizations accounted for 1.6% of the total victimizations captured by the NCVS in 2019, up from 0.9% in 2005. A bias against the victim’s race, ethnicity, or national origin was the most common motivation for nonfatal violent hate crimes during 2015-19. In terms of violent hate crimes, victims suspected that offender(s) were motivated by race, ethnicity, or national origin bias in 59% of violent hate crime victimizations during 2015-19. About 2 in 5 (42%) violent hate crime victimizations were not reported to the police during 2015 to 2019. When compared to the white population (0.7 per 1000), Hispanics (1.1 per 1000) had a higher rate of violent hate crime victimization and AANHPIs (0.4 per 1000) had a lower rate of violent hate crime victimization.